NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION

Newton's Laws of Motion: NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION

Newton has mentioned the following rules regarding the motion of objects in 1686 AD. In fact, these rules are the stone-pillars of his fame. Although the rules propounded by them are difficult to prove; Nevertheless, the calculations made on the basis of these turn out to be almost true. These principles are the fundamental basis of astronomy. The predictions made by them regarding the motions of planets, satellites and other objects of the sky and solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, etc., turn out to be almost true. This is the best proof of the veracity of these laws. So there is no need to prove these rules. These have been taken as axioms.

 NEWTON'S LAW OF MOTION

Newton's laws

Newton's laws of motion are three in number. Their definitions are as follows:

Newton's first laws

i) An object remains in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless a change is brought about by an external force in its state of rest or motion.

Newton's first law of motion

Newton's Second laws

ii) The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the impulse and it happens in the same direction in which the force is acting.

Newton's third laws

iii) Every action has its equal and opposite reaction.

EXPLANATION OF NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

Newton's first law gives an idea of ​​the state of rest (inertia) of an object. Therefore, this rule is also called the law of pause. If an object is stationary, it will remain stationary unless it is moved or made to move by force. An external force is required to move an object. If an object is moving in a straight line and in one form, then no change can be made in its motion or in the direction of motion unless a force is applied. A moving object will remain in a straight line for eternity, if its motion is not obstructed by putting any obstacle.

A moving motor vehicle continues in a straight line for eternity, if there is no friction between the surface and the resistance of the air. Force is needed only to overcome surface friction and air resistance and this force is obtained by burning of petrol. A ball thrown in the sky would have merged with the infinite womb of the sky, if the friction and gravity of the air were not against it.

Distinctions of rest:

 By the above rule, two types of pauses of an object are understood – state of rest and state of motion.

State of Rest

 The state of rest is a general property of every object. The table or table will remain in place until it is removed.

You must have seen children playing carrom. Often they keep the pieces of carrom folded and strike the bottom piece with the striker. Now due to the pause, the uppermost piece remains as it is and the lower piece slips away from the blow.

Similarly, a cart will remain standing in its place until it is made to move by applying force. It is only because of the pause that they remain in their place. There are many examples of the state of pause in our daily life. Due to the state of rest, due to the sudden movement of the car, the passenger sitting on it rolls backwards. The lower part of the seated passenger is in contact with the "seat". When the train suddenly moves, this part of the passenger also becomes in motion; But due to the state of rest, its upper part wants to remain stationary, due to which the upper part bends back and it rolls.

We have seen the gardener cutting the grass with a sharp long blade of iron. Near the root of the grass, he strikes a sharp blow. Due to the state of rest, the upper part of the grass remains in its place and the sharp edge passes near the root and the grass becomes crushed by cutting.

 You can use an experiment to show the newton law position of the pause.

paper-glass-coin

  Take a dry glass and place a postcard on it.

  Now put a rupee on the postcard and make a stroke on the edge of the card.

  The card is moved horizontally and the money falls into the glass.

State of Motion:-

The state of motion is a characteristic property of a moving object. Even though we may not be able to experience it directly. A ball thrown into the box of a moving vehicle moves at the same speed as the car. The passenger sitting on the car moves forward at the same speed as the car because due to the sudden stop of the car, he rolls forward. The speed of its upper part remains the same as the previous speed of the train but its lower part stops. As a result, due to the state of motion, its upper part bends forward. Due to the state of motion, a running child stumbles and falls.

What is strength?

If we pay attention to the last part of Newton's law of motion, then the simple definition of force will become clear: – “Force is the cause by which a change in the state of rest or momentum of an object can be brought about”.

But to be honest, this definition becomes wrong when a small child tries to push the pillar of a giant tree down. He did apply force, but the tree remained standing there, that is, the resting position of the tree did not change.

Therefore, if some more words are added to the above definition, then the definition of force will be correct:- "Force is the cause which does not bring or tries to bring a change in the state of rest or motion of an object."

 

EXPLANATION OF NEWTON'S SECOND LAW

Force from Newton's first law We become aware of the general definition of; But we do not get the magnitude of the force. In Newton's second law, we easily get the magnitude of the force or the comparative knowledge of two forces. Before explaining this rule, we will discuss Momentum.

Momentum :-

 We know from experience that we experience shock when we put an obstacle in front of a moving object. The stationary engine is not frightening but the moving engine goes away trampling heavy objects. The more an object that is moving, the more shock we experience in stopping it. A sharp blow from a gunshot is due to the rapid velocity of the bullet. Mild air is pleasant, but due to the rapid movement of dust particles in the air, the wind is more destructive in the form of a storm.

We also know from experience that in two objects moving with the same speed, we have to push or apply more force to stop them, the amount of which remains more.

Thus, if we want to produce the same velocity in two objects, then we have to apply more force in that particular object, whose volume remains relatively large. A stone bullet goes a long way with a simple blow; But the same injury does not affect the big iron ball, it remains in its place.

EXPLANATION OF NEWTON'S THIRD LAW

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction to it. Considered broadly, this rule seems impossible; But if we consider it carefully then its truth will be clear. The force with which we pull the object, that object also pulls us towards itself with the same force, the difference is only in the direction.

The harder we slam our feet on the ground, the more we get hurt, that is, the more force we press down on the ground, the more the earth pushes us upwards. The harder we toss the ball, the higher it bounces. There are actions to drag the object, toss the foot on the ground, to drop the ball on the ground. There are reactions like pulling the object in the opposite direction, getting hurt in the foot and going in the upward direction of the ball. Therefore, Newton's third law is also called the Law of action and reaction.

If we keep a book on the table, the more force the book presses down on the table, the more the table lifts the book up. When a child holds a book in his hand, the heavier the book, the more force he has to exert to hold it in his hand. If it has to be raised then a force greater than the weight of the book is required. This Newton's law is applicable at all times and in all states, whether objects are stationary or moving or near or far.

A simple proof of Newton's three laws cannot be given; But it can be verified. Calculations based on this often turn out to be accurate; So we take them as axioms.

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