What are acids and bases called? Difference Properties, Types, Uses and Chemical Names
What are acids and bases in chemistry, their properties, uses and all types and where can we get acids and bases, their sources and examples, on this page there is almost complete information related to them, for acid and alkali competitive exams, here is complete The information is there for both the acid and the base, first the details of the acid and then the base.
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| What are acids and bases called? Difference | Properties, Types, Uses and Chemical Names |
Table of Contents
- Who is called acid? properties, types, uses, sources and examples
- Properties of acids
- type of acid
- organic acids and inorganic acids
- Strong and Weak Acid STRONG AND WEAK ACID
- Concentrate and Dilute Acid
- Uses of Acid
- sources of acid
- chemical names of different acids
- What is alkali? properties, types, uses and examples
- Characteristics or identity of alkali -
- Types of alkali
- Strong and weak base Strong and weak base
- use of alkali
- chemical names of alkalis
- difference between acid and base
Who is called acid? properties, types, uses, sources and examples
According to Svante Arrehenius – "Substances which, when dissolved in water give hydrogen ions (H+), are called acids". Acids turn blue litmus paper red and they are sour in taste. Acids have pH value less than 7.0 Swedish The chemist Svante Arrehenius first described the properties of acidity in 1884 that acids give H+ ions.
According to Bronsted-Lowry – "The molecule or ion which is capable of producing protons is called an acid."
Example -
NH+4 →NH+3+H+
HCO–3 →CO2-3+H+
Properties of acids
Acids are corrosive in nature
Acids show electrical conductivity
Acids react with metals to release hydrogen
Mg + 2 Hcl → MgCl + H2
Acids react with bases to form water and salts
NaOH + 2Hcl → NaCl + H2O
Acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates of metals to release carbon dioxide gas.
Type of Acid
organic acids and inorganic acids
organic acids
Those organic compounds that have acidic properties Citrus fruits often contain organic acids, some of these acids are also commonly used in laboratories.
inorganic acid
Inorganic acids are also called mineral acids.
Strong and Weak Acid STRONG AND WEAK ACID
Strong Scid
Acids which dissolve completely in water and give hydrogen ions are called strong acids. are conductors of strong acids the rate of reaction is fast
For example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
Weak Acid
Acids which do not dissolve completely in water and split only a part and give hydrogen ions are called weak acids, in other words those acids which split only part of themselves in water or any other solvent and give a small number of hydrogen ions. and provide protons Weak acids are less conductor of electricity and their reaction rate is slow.
E.g. acetic acid, carbonic acid, oxalic acid
Concentrate and Dilute Acid
Concentrated Acid
When an acid is dissolved in water, in which the amount of water is very less and the amount of acid is very high, such acid is called concentrated acid. The volume of each unit of hydronium ion in this acid is high.
Dilute Acid
When an acid is dissolved in water, which contains a small amount of acid and a large amount of water, such an acid is called a dilute acid, due to the large amount of water in this acid, the volume of each unit of hydronium ion is less. It happens
Any acid can be both concentrated and dilute, for example, when hydrochloric acid dissolves with water, when the amount of acid is high, it is called concentrated hydrochloric acid and if the amount of water is high, then it is called dilute hydrochloric acid.
Uses of Acid
Acids are commonly used in every field. Acids mainly used
Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ ,Hcl, CHOO-H
Generally there are two types of acids, organic acids, inorganic acids.
Organic acids are present in all the sour things used in our daily life, some of these acids are used in laboratories.
Acetic Acid – Used as a solvent to make acetone, to sour foods
Tartaric Acid – Tartaric acid is used as a component of baking powder and this acid is also used to give a characteristic sour taste to foods.
Ascorbic Acid – This acid is used in the treatment of diseases such as scabies, diseases related to bone marrow etc.
Citric Acid - Citric acid is used as a flavoring in food items and this acid is also used in the preservation of foods and fruits.
Sulfuric acid - Sulfuric acid is called the king of acids, this acid is used in lead accumulator batteries, this acid is used in the manufacture of paints, pigments, dyes etc. This acid is used in the manufacture of artificial fibers. This acid is also used in the manufacture of rayon explosives.
Hydrochloric acid or HCL – Hydrochloric acid is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine and combined with bile juice reduces the digestion of food in our stomach, HCL is used, it is also used in bathroom cleaner.
Nitric acid - in making medicines, photography, fertilizers, and explosives
Sources of Acid
Sulfuric Acid – Green Cassis
acetic acid - vinegar, pickle
Tartaric Acid – Grapes, Tamarind
Citric Acid – Lemon, Orange
Lactic Acid – Milk, Yogurt
Benzoic acid - grass, leaves
Formic acid – Ant, scorpion, bee
Oxalic Acid – Tomato
Elemental Acid – Apple
chemical names of different acids
Hydrochloric Acid – Hcl
Sulfuric Acid – H₂SO₄
Nitric Acid – HNO₃
Oxalic acid – C₂ H₂O₄
Citric Acid –
Carbonic Acid – H₂CO₃
Lactic Acid – C₃HO₃
Phosphoric Acid – H₃O₄P
What is alkali? properties, types, uses and examples
According to Brunsted and Lowry – "Substances which give OH– to acidic substances are called bases."
A substance which, when dissolved in water, increases the pH value of water to more than 7.0, is called alkali, alkalis turn red litmus paper blue and they are bitter in taste, oxides of most metals are basic.
Characteristics or Identity of Alkali -
Concentrated bases react rapidly with acidic substances and neutralize them and are flammable for organic matter
Many bases are soluble in water and some bases are not soluble in water like sodium hydroxide, ammonia soluble in water and aluminum hydroxide not soluble in water.
Bases from fats and oils are reduced to make glycerin and soap
alkalis are both strong and weak
By adding water to bases, their dilution increases and their concentration decreases, as well as the effect of bases is also less.
Aqueous solutions of bases and molten bases are good conductors of electricity.
Types of alkali
On the basis of solubility in water, alkali is divided into two parts.
Alkali
Base
Alkali
Such bases which are soluble in water are called alkali, lithium, sodium, potassium etc. are called alkali metals, as well as hydroxides of alkaline earth metals are also called alkalis such as potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide.
Base
Such bases which are insoluble in water are called bases Mostly bases are insoluble in water i.e. bases are those substances which combine with acids to form salts and water e.g. caustic soda reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulphate and water. make up
Both alkali and base are not the same words, that is, all bases are bases, but all bases are not bases, bases are a property of alkalis.
Strong and weak base Strong and weak base
The strength of a strong and a weak base depends on the amount of hydroxide ions OH– obtained by dissolving the base in water.
Strong Alkali
Such bases which dissolve completely in water to give hydroxide ions are called strong bases, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide are examples of strong bases.
Weak Base
Such bases which do not completely dissociate in water and partially split to give hydroxide ions are called weak bases, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide are examples of weak bases.
use of Alkali
Ammonium hydroxide is less effective in removing grease stains on clothing.
Magnesium hydroxide is used as an "antacid" to reduce the effects of stomach acid and to treat indigestion.
Sodium carbonate is used to make laundry soap and to convert salt water into fresh water.
Calcium hydroxide is used to make bleaching powder and it is also used to clean sulfur dioxide from factories and power plants.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate is used as baking soda in food.
Chemical names of alkalis
Potassium Hydroxide – KOH
Sodium Carbonate – Na₂CO3
Sodium Hydroxide –NaOH
Sodium bicarbonate – NaHCO₃
Cesium Hydroxide – CsOH
Barium Hydroxide – Ba(OH)2(H2O)x
Difference between Acid and Base
| acid | alkali |
|---|---|
| 1 Acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions when mixed with water. | Talking about alkali, adding it to water increases the concentration of hydroxide. |
| 2 acids are called proton donors | The base is called a proton acceptor. |
| 3 An acid is a substance that when it is in liquid state has a pH value less than 7. | An alkali is a substance that gives a pH value greater than 7 in the liquid state. |
| 4 Acids are good conductors of electricity | Alkali is known to be a good conductor of electricity only in liquid state. |
| 5 Acid tastes sour | Talking about alkali, bitterness is present in its taste. |
| 6 The smell of burning comes from the smell of acid | When alkali is smelled, all alkalis except ammonia are odorless. |
| 7 Acids react with metals to form hydrogen gas, | Bases react only with fats and oils. |
| 8 Acid does not react with ammonium chloride | The alkali reacts with ammonium chloride to form ammonia which is an odorless gas. |
| 9 Acid reacts with carbonate to form carbon dioxide. | None react with alkali carbonate. |
| 10 Talking about the litmus test, the acid converts blue litmus paper into red. | Alkali red litmus paper in blue colour. |
| 11 Examples of acids are hydrochloric acid (HCL), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), organic acid (H2CO3 | Examples of bases are ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH). |
| 12 Acids are used as preservatives, fertilizers, carbonated drinks like Pepsi, Cocola Dew. Apart from this, it is used to make leather and give flavor to food. | Alkali is used in gastric medicines, soaps, detergents, perfumes etc. |
